沼氣生物脫硫技術(shù)包括生物過濾法、生物吸附法和生物滴濾法，三種系統(tǒng)均屬開放系統(tǒng)，其微生物種群隨環(huán)境改變而變化。在沼氣生物脫硫過程中，氧化態(tài)的含硫污染物先經(jīng)生物還原作用生成硫化物或H2S然后再經(jīng)生物氧化過程生成單質(zhì)硫，才能去除。在大多數(shù)生物反應(yīng)器中，微生物種類以細菌為主，真菌為次，少有酵母菌。常用的細菌是硫桿菌屬的氧化亞鐵硫桿菌，脫氮硫桿菌及排硫桿菌。成功的代表是氧化亞鐵硫桿菌，其生長的佳pH值為2.0～2.2。
Biogas biological desulfurization technology includes biofiltration, biosorption and trickle filtration. The three systems are open systems, and their microbial populations change with environmental changes. In the process of biogas biological desulfurization, the oxidized sulfur-containing pollutants can be removed only after they are biologically reduced to sulfide or H2S, and then biologically oxidized to elemental sulfur. In most bioreactors, microorganisms are mainly bacteria, followed by fungi, and there are few yeasts. The commonly used bacteria are Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus denitrificans and Thiobacillus excretors of the genus Thiobacillus. The representative of success is Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, whose good pH value is 2.0 ~ 2.2.
沼氣濕法脫硫可以歸納分為物理吸收法、化學(xué)吸收法和氧化法三種。物理和化學(xué)方法存在硫化氫再處理問題，氧化法是以堿性溶液為吸收劑，并加入載氧體為催化劑，吸收H2S，并將其氧化成單質(zhì)硫，濕法氧化法是把脫硫劑溶解在水中，液體進入設(shè)備，與沼氣混合，沼氣中的硫化氫（H2S）與液體產(chǎn)生氧化反應(yīng)，生成單質(zhì)硫吸收硫化氫的液體有氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鈣、碳酸鈉、硫酸亞鐵等。成熟的氧化脫硫法，脫硫效率可達99.5%以上。
Wet desulfurization of biogas can be divided into physical absorption method, chemical absorption method and oxidation method. Physical and chemical methods have the problem of hydrogen sulfide reprocessing. The oxidation method uses alkaline solution as absorbent and oxygen carrier as catalyst to absorb H2S and oxidize it into elemental sulfur. The wet oxidation method dissolves the desulfurizer in water, and the liquid enters the equipment and mixes with biogas. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas reacts with the liquid to produce elemental sulfur. The liquids that absorb hydrogen sulfide include sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate Ferrous sulfate, etc. With mature oxidation desulfurization method, the desulfurization efficiency can reach more than 99.5%.
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